Extrinsic black staining of teeth: a rewiev
1
Department of Pediatric Therapeutic Dentistry, Private Higher Educational establishment «Kyiv Medical University», Ukraine
2
Department of orthodontics, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Ukraine
Submission date: 2024-05-09
Acceptance date: 2024-12-09
Publication date: 2025-01-31
Corresponding author
Inessa Ihorevna Yakubova
Department of Pediatric Therapeutic Dentistry, Private Higher Educational establishment «Kyiv Medical University», 02099, Kyiv, Ukraine
Department of Pediatric Therapeutic Dentistry, Private Higher Educational establishment «Kyiv Medical University», 02099, Kyiv, Ukraine
Wiadomości Lekarskie 2025;(1):210-215
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction. Extrinsic black staining of teeth is a common problem affecting
patients, often causing aesthetic concerns. Its unattractive appearance, which is
common in children, can have a negative impact on a child’s self-esteem.
The aim. Discovering of the prevalence, causes and consequences of the
Extrinsic black staining(EBS) of teeth in pediatric population
Materials and methods. Upon completion of the scientific search, the review
included 47 scientific articles from the electronic databases, reference lists of articles, and selected textbooks in the time interval from 1976 to 2023.
Results.
The results show that EBS is a possible protective factor against early childhood caries. Dental plaque and gut microbiome may be related to
EBS in the temporary dentition. The literature suggests a decreased caries
prevalence in the presence of EBS which associated with low incidence of caries
in children. The nature of the black pigmentation is suggested to be a form of
bacterial plaque with an insoluble ferric salt. Tabaco smoke, food and antibiotics that can be also a risk factors for EBS.
There are some clinical and localization features that dentist have to pay
attention for. Many diseases of various systems and organs are directly related to
black plaque.
Conclusions.With this review, we wanted to encourage dentists to identify the problem in childhood and collaborate in a multidisciplinary team to improve treatment efficiency and speed up theselection of the right tactics for the most person-centered approach to avoid worsening the problem in adulthood.
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