Aim:
The prevalence of urolithiasis among the adult population in intensive industrial regions exceeds the established norms by 3.4 times, correlating with environmental contamination by heavy metals. It can have influence on mechanisms of uroliths formation and their structure.

Material and methods:
A comparative analysis of the morphology of 246 kidney stones from residents of one of heavily industrialized region of Ukraine, was conducted. Petrographic examination of the calculi was performed through microscopic analysis. The qualitative composition of the calculi was investigated using X-ray structural analysis of fragments and dust remnants of the stones, which were formed during the preparation of thin sections.

Results:
A distinctive characteristic of all mineral components is their varying microblock structure and the presence of organic material inclusions. The inclusion of an organic component reduces the strength of the crystalline layers. Urolith resembles a brittle-hollow environment, which in certain cases allows for the selection of the most effective methods of their destruction (lithotripsy).

Conclusions:
A common feature among all mineral components is their diverse microblock structure and the presence of organic inclusions, which diversify the strength characteristics of uroliths. The prior determination of these characteristics allows for the selection of the most effective method for destructive treatment (lithotripsy). The combination of data on the ontogenesis of uroliths, their mineral composition, and the state of the electrolyte balance in the body of a patient with urolithiasis will allow choosing an individually effective method of metaphylaxis of the disease.