Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of the tooth enamel of two-day-old mice from hypercholesterolemic mothers by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Material and methods:
Forty mature female mice were randomly assigned (n = 20/group) to either a standard chow vivarium diet (control group) or a cholesterol-enriched chow diet (experimental group). After fertilization, pregnancy and birth, on postnatal day 2, the incisor segments of 6 pups form each group were used for energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Results:
Influence of maternal hypercholesterolemic diet on tooth development and mineralization was examined, which revealed changes in enamel chemical composition. First, the results indicate the presence of seven elements (Na, Cl, Ca, P, Mg, S, Fe) in the enamel of both the hypercholesterolemic and normal offspring, but the content of element Ca2+ decreased, the content of elements P5+, Na+, Cl- tended to increase in pups from hypercholesterolemic mice. Second, the initial level of mineralization according to the atomic (%) Ca / P in hypercholesterolemic pups ratio was 1.26, comparing with normal pups where level of mineralization was 1.34. Taking into account that irreversible changes in the structure of the enamel were observed when the Ca / P ratio was below 1.33, we can suggest that the eruption of teeth with an imperfect structure could be because of maternal hypercholesterolemic diet.

Conclusions:
Results of this study suggest that hypercholesterolemic diet during gestation and lactation leads to altered enamel mineralization in mice because of changes in chemical composition and may link to the early childhood caries.