Aim: To identify appropriate methods for determining the content of radioactive and non-radioactive pulmotoxic xenobiotics in the ambient air of NPP equipment to ensure its reliability, radiation and environmental safety, as well as to reduce the risks of occupational pathologies for workers and protect people’s health. Materials and Methods: Analytical methods of analysis of modern methods of determining the content of radioactive and non-radioactive pulmonary toxic xenobiotics in the ambient air of NPP equipment. Conclusions: a) during operation of NPP equipment, pulmotoxic xenobiotics enter the surrounding air, which can then enter the human respiratory system in the form of radioactive or non-radioactive substances; b) significant methods of determining the content of pulmotoxic xenobiotics in the air are: gas chromatography; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; liquid scintillation; photometric, ionometric, polarographic, titrometric, turbidimetric, atomic absorption, radiometric and γ-spectrometric measurements; c) radioactive pulmonotoxic xenobiotics cause radiation pathologies in the respiratory organs as a result of internal radioactive irradiation of the body; d) the effects of non-radioactive pulmotoxic xenobiotics are accompanied by irritation and inflammatory processes in the respiratory organs, as well as toxic swelling of the lungs; е) there is a connection between the presence of pulmotoxic xenobiotics in the air and the course of human respiratory diseases as a result of breathing such air.