Contemporary nursing models address complex human needs, emphasizing prevention, education, and rehabilitation. Nursing and rehabilitation are closely linked, aiming to restore full or partial functionality and support patients in returning to social, family, and professional life. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of nurses in rehabilitation and assess the potential for developing rehabilitation nursing in Poland, considering current trends and the growing demand for qualified staff. A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted, with a particular focus on the Canadian model and its scope in rehabilitation. The results indicate that rehabilitation nursing should expand in response to the needs of an aging society. The introduction of specialized training and the incorporation of rehabilitation nursing courses into higher education programs could significantly contribute to this field’s development. The Canadian model demonstrates that proper education and certification in rehabilitation nursing enhance patient care and recovery. Implementing similar solutions in Poland could improve rehabilitation outcomes and overall patient well-being. However, adapting modern nursing models requires systemic changes and a shift in professional perception. Nursing should evolve from a primarily supportive role focused on basic care to an active, leadership-oriented function within the rehabilitation team. A well-trained rehabilitation nurse can significantly improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation, ensuring a more holistic and patient-centered approach.