This review gives an overview of the current knowledge about the impact of nutrition on sarcopenia treatment effectiveness. We examined the outcomes of 11 individual clinical trials in conjunction with existing literature to assess the effectiveness of nutritional interventions. Our focus encompassed protein nutrition and its components, the provision of vitamin D. Furthermore, we explored the influence of these substances in addressing sarcopenia within the context of concurrent conditions like osteoporosis, fractures, stroke, or chronic kidney disease. Sarcopenia is a disease of the skeletal muscles that causes a decline in muscle function and mass, which affects mainly elderly people. A progressive course leads to multiple serious complications, such as increased mortality, falls, and co-morbidity. Sarcopenia treatment is limited to physical activity, mainly resistance exercise training and nutritional interventions... Our investigation underscores the significant role of proper nutrition in the treatment process. Finally, this review demonstrates the need for further high-quality research on nutrition and its impact on sarcopenia treatment outcomes.