The article is devoted to the study of the right to life as a key aspect of legal theory. The purpose of the study is to examine the theoretical aspects of the right to life, to analyze its essence, place and significance in the system of general human rights; to outline the main principles and concepts related to the right to life, to consider their evolution in different legal systems and to discuss important ethical aspects related to this topic. The article examines the historical development of the right to life, determines its place in the modern world, and assesses the problems and prospects for its realization. In the study, the authors applied general scientific methods, including system analysis, system modeling, and the dialectical method, and used the following materials: articles by scholars and assessments by leading experts in the field. Analyzing the right to life in the context of its interrelationship with other human rights helps to affirm the principles of the rule of law. In the modern world, the concept of the right to life has become an important element of international law, which covers not only physical existence, but also the provision of a decent and quality life, health, education and social protection. Different religious and cultural traditions have their own interpretations of the beginning and end of life, influencing attitudes to aspects related to medical interventions, abortion, euthanasia and other issues.